Danish Showkat
The papier-mâché craft in Kashmir has a rich and colorful legacy. For centuries, skilled artisans have been transforming simple paper pulp into intricate designs, creating everything from masks and toys to the famous Christmas decorations that have earned the region global recognition.
These creations, painstakingly made by hand, have become symbolic of the artistry and craftsmanship that Kashmir is known for. As the demand for these exquisite decorations grew in international markets, artisans were able to sustain their craft, ensuring its preservation for future generations.
Papier-mâché is a crafting technique where paper is combined with glue or paste to create a strong, molded material. This technique has been used for centuries to make various items, from sculptures to decorative objects. The process involves layering pieces of paper with glue and then shaping it into the desired form. Once dried, the object becomes sturdy and can be painted and decorated.
The Process
- Preparing the Pulp
Old newspapers or wastepaper are soaked in water for several days until they become soft. This mixture is then mashed and mixed with natural glue (like rice starch) and sometimes chalk powder to form a smooth pulp.
- Shaping the Base
The pulp is applied over wooden or clay molds to form the desired shape—like balls, bells, Santas, or animal figures. Artisans smooth the surface by hand and let it dry completely. This is the first and most time-consuming step.
- Drying the Moulds
Once shaped, the papier-mâché figures are kept aside to dry naturally. This may take a day or more depending on the weather.
When it comes to coloring papier-mâché objects, especially in intricate designs, the artwork often requires delicate attention. The minimal and precise application of colors, with detailed patterns, highlights the craftsmanship and patience needed for such pieces. The colors used in these designs are often vibrant, and the prints or patterns can range from traditional to modern, depending on the creator’s vision. The delicate nature of the designs, particularly in minimalistic work, adds an artistic and thoughtful touch to each piece, showing the skill and care involved in crafting the object.
- Painting and Designing
Skilled artisans use fine brushes to paint the figures with bright colors and detailed patterns—like flowers, dots, or traditional Kashmiri designs. This step shows the creativity and artistic skill involved.
“Papier mâché is a traditional art of Kashmir, but only about 1-2% of the youth are involved in this work. The younger generation often prefers outdoor jobs, which makes it challenging to sustain the craft,” Syed Amjad Ali, the owner of Shah Handicrafts said.
A local worker at Shah Handicrafts explains that once the painting is complete, a layer of varnish is applied to give them a smooth, glossy look, almost like a protective shield that enhances their charm and durability. However, he pointed out the challenges they face while painting. “The smell of paint often leaves us feeling unwell, causing colds and flu,” he said.
- Finishing Touches
Once painted, the items are varnished to give them a shiny look and protect the colors. After this, they are ready to be packed or displayed.
Despite their hard work and the delicate craftsmanship that goes into creating these items, the artisan expressed disappointment over the declining demand. He said that exports have dropped significantly, making their efforts unrecognized.
Every year, as Christmas approaches, Kashmiri artisans in Srinagar craft papier-mâché Santa Claus figures, reindeer, angels, Christmas tree toys, crosses, and other festive ornaments. These handmade creations are exported to countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, where they are cherished for their uniqueness. This thriving export business has brought global recognition to Kashmiri craftsmanship. However, with the ongoing wars in the middle East- particularly the conflict between Israel and Iran-alongside the earlier impact of the Russia-Ukraine war, the once-thriving export business has experienced a dramatic decline in orders, leaving many artisans grappling with the consequences.
“Our papier mâché products are made based on demand, especially during Christmas, we receive orders for various items from foreign countries, starting in March, and are dispatched by September. We produce a variety of articles, ranging from 100 to 200 pieces, including Christmas balls, stars, moons, bells, and other decorations used to design Christmas trees.
These products are not usually sold in Kashmir; we export them internationally. But due to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war, we’ve seen a 30-35% decline in orders, which has significantly impacted our export business,” said Syed Amjad Ali, owner of the industry, Shah Handicrafts, in Zadibal, Srinagar, Kashmir.
As the situation continues to evolve, the future of Kashmiri papier-mâché hangs in the balance. The fear of losing this unique cultural heritage is growing. However, despite the challenges, artisans remain committed to preserving their craft, working hard to adapt and sustain this cherished tradition.
For many artisans, what was once a reliable source of income is now facing challenges due to economic uncertainty and logistical disruptions. Orders, which once came steadily, now arrive less frequently. The owners, who have seen their families carry on the same craft for years, are working hard to ensure that their legacy continues. Despite the uncertainty, they remain committed to preserving this time-honored tradition and adapting to new opportunities for growth.
